250 ways AI gets it wrong
The danger isn’t that AI is useless — it’s that it’s often useful enough to be trusted before it’s reliable enough to be trusted. Here is the catalogue of failure modes, and the trust-stack layer that catches each one.
Accuracy & truth
20 risksHallucinated facts, invented statistics and stale information stated as current.
- Hallucinated facts
- Made-up statistics
- Invented legal rules
Sources & citations
20 risksFabricated citations, broken links and sources that don't support the claim.
- Sources that don't support the claim
- Irrelevant sources
- Outdated sources
Research & analysis
20 risksShallow research presented as deep, cherry-picked evidence and missed changes.
- Shallow research presented as deep
- Stopped searching too early
- Searched the wrong terms
Business & strategy
20 risksGeneric strategies, ignored constraints and plans too vague to execute.
- Generic strategies
- Consultant-speak with no practical value
- Smart-sounding tactics that don't work
Writing & communication
20 risksArtificial tone, cliché endings and your strongest point rewritten away.
- Artificial tone
- Cringe or over-polished language
- LinkedIn-cliché tone
Legal & compliance
20 risksMissed obligations, confused legal systems and guarantees that don't exist.
- Legal-sounding advice without qualification
- Missed licensing requirements
- Missed disclosure requirements
Data & calculation
20 risksArithmetic errors, confused figures and false precision in the numbers.
- Arithmetic errors
- Wrong formula
- Misread tables
Technical & coding
10 risksCode that doesn't run, hardcoded secrets and missed vulnerabilities.
- Code that doesn't run
- Code that runs but does the wrong thing
- Outdated libraries
Workflow & productivity
20 risksForgotten constraints, self-contradiction and 'almost right' deliverables.
- Answered instead of asking for missing input
- Asked unnecessary questions
- Overcomplicated simple tasks
Security & privacy
10 risksLeaked sensitive information, missing redaction and insecure suggestions.
- Leaked sensitive information into outputs
- Encouraged pasting confidential data into unsafe tools
- Failed to redact personal information
Decision-making
15 risksWeak recommendations made to sound decisive, with hidden risks unexamined.
- Made weak recommendations sound decisive
- Recommended action without ranking options
- Failed to identify the safest option
Design, brand & UX
15 risksGeneric layouts, ignored accessibility and premium confused with decorative.
- Generic designs
- Copied design trends without judgment
- Attractive but impractical layouts
Human judgment
10 risksFlattery instead of challenge, and opinions withheld when one was needed.
- Flattered the user instead of challenging weak thinking
- Agreed too easily
- Pushed back too aggressively
Output quality
15 risksLow-substance answers, filler and meaning changed during rewriting.
- Long answers with low substance
- Short answers that skip essential detail
- Repetition
Automation & agents
15 risksWrong steps, false success messages and single errors repeated at scale.
- Executed the wrong step
- Used the wrong tool
- Called tools unnecessarily
One model can’t reliably catch its own mistakes. A council of independent minds can.
Run your work through the councilSee also: the Trust Stack

